Amnesty International on Oct. 13 stated that Iran's execution of five individuals in one week was based on unfair trials, and called on the international community to respond. Between Sept. 30 and Oct. 5, Iran executed five men—Majid Nikandish, Ali Hemmati Sistanian, Siavash Jamshidi Kheirabadi, Alireza Raisi and Alireza Sepahi—convicted in connection with anti-government protests, prompting renewed scrutiny from human rights organizations over the use of capital punishment in protest-related cases.

Human Rights Watch on Oct. 14 reported that at least 31 people have been executed in Libya after unjust military trials since late August. Bassam Khawaja, HRW's deputy Middle East and North Africa director, decried the executions, saying:

Amnesty International on Sept. 18 named 87 Iranian security and Interior Ministry officials who it says should face criminal investigation for crimes against humanity committed during the 2022 crackdown on the Woman Life Freedom protests, and urged the UN Security Council to refer Iran's situation to the International Criminal Court (ICC).

Human Rights Watch and the Abdorrahman Boroumand Center for Human Rights in Iran issued a joint report Sept. 10 charging that Iranian authorities are unlawfully executing protesters and political dissidents on a weekly basis.

Amnesty International warned Sept. 2 that plans by five European Union member-state governments for migrant "return hubs" in Rwanda and Uganda risk creating "cruel black holes for human rights." The statement came two days before the governments are to meet to review progress on the plans.

UN rights experts urged the Court of Algiers on April 28 to stop the trial of Mohamed Tadjadit, noting that the "reclassified" charges the prominent activist now faces are punishable by death. A poet and human rights defender, Tadjadit is associated with the Hirak movement, which first arose in 2019 in opposition to then-president Abdelaziz Bouteflika and has since evolved into a wider call for political change and greater freedoms.

UN Human Rights Chief Volker Türk warned April 1 that repression of freedom of expression across the Middle East has deepened significantly since the US-Israeli attacks on Iran commenced at the end of February.

The International Centre of Justice for Palestinians (ICJP) on March 30 denounced a proposed Israeli death penalty bill, which recently underwent a second and third reading in the Knesset, claiming it represents "an extreme escalation in Israel's genocidal policies against Palestinians."