The US administration announced sanctions Oct. 24 against Colombian President Gustavo Petro, his family, and Colombia's Minister of the Interior Armando Benedetti.

The regional head of the United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) for the Occupied Palestinian Territory warned on Oct. 21 that Israeli settlers are increasing violence against Palestinian farmers in the occupied West Bank. The statement comes at the start of the critical olive harvest season, a main source of income for many Palestinian families.

United Nations human rights experts called on Nicaraguan President Daniel Ortega’s government on Oct. 3 to clarify the fate and whereabouts of more than 120 individuals who appear to have been forcibly disappeared after the violent suppression of anti-government protests in 2018. The experts also urged the state to cease using arbitrary detention and enforced disappearance as tools of political repression.

Human Rights Watch (HRW) on Oct. 16 condemned the adoption of a constitutional reform in Chad, stating that it could pose a significant setback to democracy and the rule of law by empowering current President Mahamat Idriss Déby to remain in power for generations to come. HRW Central Africa director Lewis Mudge commented on the severity of the issue, stating: "By removing presidential term limits, Chad's authorities have dismantled an important safeguard against authoritarianism."

Human Rights Watch (HRW) on Oct. 13 called on Italy to revoke its migration cooperation agreement with Libya, saying the arrangement "has proven to be a framework for violence and suffering, and should be revoked, not renewed." The Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) between the countries, first signed in February 2017, was part of Italy's broader strategy to tighten its national borders. Under the agreement, Italy has provided technical, logistical and financial support the Libyan Coast Guard, enabling the force to intercept tens of thousands of people at sea and return them to Libya. However, NGOs have consistently documented how intercepted refugees and asylum seekers are routinely detained in inhumane conditions, where they face torture and other degrading treatment.

Amnesty International called on Côte d'Ivoire authorities to end the repression of peaceful protests ahead of the upcoming presidential elections, following the dispersal of a demonstration by security forces in Abidjan on Oct. 11 and the subsequent arrest of 255 individuals. Amnesty's regional director for West and Central Africa, Marceau Sivieude, stated:

Any restriction on public protests must be lawful, necessary, proportionate, and non-discriminatory. Instead of banning them, authorities should respect and facilitate peaceful assemblies and ensure public order policing is aimed at enabling assemblies to take place as intended and grounded in de-escalation and the protection of participants

Amnesty further reported that security forces used tear gas to disperse the demonstrators in Abidjan, in addition to conducting mass arrests without bringing any official charges. Sivieude called for authorities to either release all the detainees or publish information on the charges against them.

The politically volatile region of Pakistan-administered Azad Jammu Kashmir (AJK) has once again plunged into a crisis of civil unrest. In late September, a local protest over government plans to drop subsidies for wheat and electricity rapidly transformed into a broader movement demanding comprehensive reform and regional ecomic relief. The demonstrations have pressured the government into negotiations and legal concessions, after initial harsh repression only further fueled public dissent.

Human Rights Watch (HRW) released a statement Oct.  8 condemning the Tunisian justice system for sentencing a man to death for Facebook posts dissenting from government actions. Saber Ben Chouchane was sentenced for posting pictures of himself at recent protests, and statements calling for citizens to take to the streets to demand the release of political prisoners on the upcoming anniversary of the Tunisian revolution of January 2011. HRW called for the Tunisian government to "stop detaining and prosecuting people solely for exercising their right of expression."