Amnesty International on Aug. 20 called on Ecuadorian authorities to drop all legal and financial penalties against activists behind the 2023 Yasuní Referendum, warning that the looming fines are part of a broader crackdown on civic space and dissent in the country.

The Hong Kong Court of First Instance on Aug. 21 found activists Chow Hang-tung and Lee Cheuk-yan, as well as the pair's now-disbanded Hong Kong Alliance, guilty of a "subversion" offense under the Beijing-imposed National Security Law (NSL). Three NSL-designated judges unanimously ruled that the defendants' advocacy for "the end of one-party dictatorship"—primarily through annual June 4 vigils to commemorate the 1989 Tiananmen Square massacre—constituted "incitement to subversion." They found that there could be no "natural end" to the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP); the advocacy work must therefore constitute an incitement to overthrow or undermine China's "basic system." Chow and Lee face up to 10 years imprisonment.

A Russian court sentenced politician Lev Shlosberg to 11 years and one month in a penal colony on charges of "discrediting" the Russian military and spreading "false information," Amnesty International said Aug. 17. Marie Struthers, Amnesty's Eastern Europe director, called the charges "blatant reprisals for exercising his right to freedom of expression to call for peace," and demanded his immediate and unconditional release.

Human Rights Watch (HRW) called on Thai authorities Aug. 17 to halt the deportation of ethnic Karen villagers from Thailand's Phetchaburi province to Burma, citing grave risks to their safety if returned, and urging their immediate release from immigration detention.

A Damascus criminal court sentenced ousted Syrian President Bashar al-Assad to death in absentia Aug. 11 after convicting him of murder, torture, arbitrary detention and crimes against humanity. This was the first judgment issued by Syria's own courts against the head of a government that ruled the country for decades and put down a 2011 uprising with a wave of harsh repression, sparking a war that killed hundreds of thousands of people.

Türkiye's parliament on Aug. 10 announced that it has passed a new law creating conditional legal mechanisms for members of the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK). The shift signifiesan advance for the government's "Terror-Free Türkiye" initiative and a potential de-escalation in the country's decades-long conflict with Kurdish militants.

The United Nations reported on Aug. 7 that the cost of key foods increased in July as a result of searing heatwaves and ongoing geopolitical instability, which have affected crop yields and global energy prices amid persistent hunger risks in multiple countries.

UN human rights experts on Aug. 6 condemned recent measures by the United States against Cuba, calling them attempts to "alter the constitutional order of a sovereign State through threats and coercion," and demanding that the Security Council and the General Assembly take action on the matter. Accusing the US of contraventions of Article 2 of the UN Charter, the experts warned that Cuba is at risk of becoming a "silent Gaza."