In a monumental win for Pakistan, a panel of the Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) on Aug. 31 held that India must honor a nearly 70-year-old water treaty between the two nations. The court said that the treaty remains legally binding and that no party may unilaterally suspend or terminate it.

The US Department of the Treasury's Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) on Aug. 20 sanctioned three organizations and two individuals, accusing UK-based Palestine Action, the Italy-based Autistici Inventati, and the Masar Badil network of ties to "violent far-left extremism."

Amnesty International on Aug. 19 accused Argentina of putting in place a "techno-authoritarian" surveillance infrastructure without adequate legal safeguards, as the government's newly created AI security unit expands state monitoring powers over citizens' online communications and physical movements.

UN humanitarian chief Tom Fletcher on Aug. 29 warned that the recent rise in the use of drones poses a risk for aid operations in multiple conflicts around the world. He emphasized that international humanitarian law, which prohibits attacks on humanitarian workers and civilians, continues to apply to drone warfare regardless of how sophisticated or autonomous the weapons become.

Amnesty International on Aug. 20 called on Ecuadorian authorities to drop all legal and financial penalties against activists behind the 2023 Yasuní Referendum, warning that the looming fines are part of a broader crackdown on civic space and dissent in the country.

The Hong Kong Court of First Instance on Aug. 21 found activists Chow Hang-tung and Lee Cheuk-yan, as well as the pair's now-disbanded Hong Kong Alliance, guilty of a "subversion" offense under the Beijing-imposed National Security Law (NSL). Three NSL-designated judges unanimously ruled that the defendants' advocacy for "the end of one-party dictatorship"—primarily through annual June 4 vigils to commemorate the 1989 Tiananmen Square massacre—constituted "incitement to subversion." They found that there could be no "natural end" to the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP); the advocacy work must therefore constitute an incitement to overthrow or undermine China's "basic system." Chow and Lee face up to 10 years imprisonment.

A Russian court sentenced politician Lev Shlosberg to 11 years and one month in a penal colony on charges of "discrediting" the Russian military and spreading "false information," Amnesty International said Aug. 17. Marie Struthers, Amnesty's Eastern Europe director, called the charges "blatant reprisals for exercising his right to freedom of expression to call for peace," and demanded his immediate and unconditional release.

Human Rights Watch (HRW) called on Thai authorities Aug. 17 to halt the deportation of ethnic Karen villagers from Thailand's Phetchaburi province to Burma, citing grave risks to their safety if returned, and urging their immediate release from immigration detention.