The guerilla fighter who in 2008 killed "Ivan Rios," one the FARC's top commanders, has been sentenced to 31 years for kidnapping and rebellion, local media reported on Nov, 6. Pedro Pablo Montoya AKA "Rojas" was was convicted in the 2001 kidnapping of a farm owner from the Caldas department. The former guerrilla was also sentenced to pay a $170,000 compensation to the farm owner. "Rojas" was apprehended in March 2008 when he and his girlfriend surrendered to security forces delivering them the hand and the computer of his boss. A year after his surrender, the demobilized guerilla complained he felt betrayed by the authorities, who had put a reward on the head of Rios. (Colombia Reports, Nov, 7)

Colombia's former President Alvaro Uribe on Nov. 3 was subpoenaed to testify in a civil case against Alabama coal giant Drummond over the company's alleged ties to paramilitary death squads. A group of 500 Colombian victims of the paramilitary violence demand compensation from Drummond and claim Uribe "has direct knowledge of a number of key cases, including until what point the armed forces supported the paramilitary protection of mining properties of Drummond," Terry Collingsworth, the attorney of victims of the paramilitary organization AUC, told radio station La FM. The former president "knows the levels of cooperation between the armed forces and the AUC, specifically in regions like Cesar where Drummond was active," the lawyer added.

Bolivian President Evo Morales, on an official visit to Iran, said Oct. 25 that the Islamic Republic and Bolivia pursue a common objective in fighting against imperialism and injustice in the world. "Iran and Bolivia have identical revolutionary conscience which allows for the expansion of relations and accounts for the closeness of the two states," IRNA reported the Bolivian leader as saying in the northwestern Iranian city of Tabriz.

Spanish Jesuit missionary José María Korta, 81, a founder of the Indigenous University of Venezuela (UIV), began a public hunger strike this week at the gates of the National Assembly building in Caracas, to demand liberty for three Yukpa indigenous leaders charged in the killing of two people during a gunfight last year. Korta says the three, Sabino Romero, Olegario Romero and Alexánder Fernández, have been falsely accused because of their efforts to defend traditional Yukpa lands. Korta is joined in the hunger strike by Ramón Sanare, agro-ecology director at the UIV. (Ultimas Noticias, Oct. 23; El Universal, Caracas, Oct. 21)

After almost 20 years, a former Colombian army officer was sentenced Oct. 14 to 44 years in prison for his role in the deaths of over 245 civilians in the Trujillo Massacres between 1986 and 1994. Retired major Alirio Antonio Urena, a School of the Americas graduate, was a commander of an army brigade that evidently collaborated with paramilitaries in Valle del Cauca department at the time of the killings. The dead included Tiberio Fernández, a popular Catholic priest and political organizer whose body was found castrated and decapitated in the Río Cauca. The verdict was the first by the Colombian justice system in the notorious case, which was reopened in 1991 after justice officials had initially absolved the Urena and his co-defendants.

Unknown assailants on a motorcycle assassinated Colombian indigenous leader Rodolfo Maya Aricape as he left a community meeting in the hamlet of López Adentro, Caloto village, the Regional Indigenous Council of Cauca (CRIC) announced Oct. 15. The statement said Maya Aricape had received death threats last month from armed groups operating in the region. It said the slaying was "not an isolated incident but is part of a strategy of intimidation" by armed groups to involve indigenous communities in the war and seize their lands. (Notimex, ACIN, Oct. 15)

The majority of Bolivian newspapers engaged in a joint protest Oct. 7 against a proposed anti-racism law that they claim would damage freedom of expression. The newspapers (e.g. Los Tiempos of Cochabamba) shared one message on their front page—"There is no democracy without freedom of expression"—in response to a decision by President Evo Morales to maintain certain provisions of the legislation. Article 16 of the bill currently being discussed by the Senate, and which was already passed by the Chamber of Deputies, would establish economic sanctions and allow for media outlets that publish information considered by the government to be racist or discriminatory to be closed. Bolivia's journalists and media outlets maintain that they support the struggle against racism but that they cannot accept provisions that would limit freedom of expression. They worry that the bill could be used for political ends to censor unfavorable opinions.

On Oct. 1, seven Peruvian SOA graduates were convicted of aggravated murder, kidnapping, forced disappearance, and conspiracy for their roles in two massacres of civilians and the murder of a radio journalist who had been reporting on human rights violations. The crimes were all committed by Grupo Colina, an army unit led and largely staffed by SOA-trained soldiers.