Clashes between police and Shi'ite protesters continue in Bahrain, fueled by the killing of a 14-year-old boy by riot police Aug. 31. The government of the Persian Gulf island state said it would "await a full investigation" by the Interior Ministry before drawing any conclusions about the death. Media reports said the youth was hit with a tear-gas canister in the oil hub area of Sitra. The new protests erupted on the first day of the Eid al-Fitr festival. The death of another protester, the first since early July, comes days after King Hamad bin Isa al-Khalifa said he would pardon some imprisoned protesters as "reconciliatory gestures" after a Saudi-backed crackdown began in March. Street fighting centers around districts near the Pearl Roundabout, the center of anti-government protests that began in February. Bahrain demolished the landmark Pearl Monument at the center of the plaza in March after it became a symbol of the protests. (CNN, Sept. 1; FT, AlJazeera, Aug. 31)

Syrian government forces cracking down on the opposition may be committing crimes against humanity, according to a report published Aug. 18 by the UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR). The 22-page report, prepared by the the Fact-finding Mission on Syria, contains allegations of summary executions, killing of unarmed protesters and torture of detainees. According to the report, "[t]he Mission found a pattern of human rights violations that constitutes widespread or systematic attacks against the civilian population, which may amount to crimes against humanity as provided for in article 7 of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court." The Fact-finding Mission recommended that the Security Council refer Syria to the International Criminal Court (ICC) for further investigation. The UN Human Rights Council (HRC) is to hold a special session on Syria next week.

From Amnesty International, Aug. 15:

The Egyptian authorities must immediately drop charges against a woman blogger and activist accused of defaming the military on Twitter, Amnesty International said today. Asmaa Mahfouz, 26, was summoned by military prosecutors on Sunday and later released on bail of 20,000 Egyptian pounds ($3,356) after posting messages on the social media network expressing concerns about the Egyptian justice system and the actions of the military government, the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces (SCAF).

Some 5,000 Palestinian refugees have been forced to flee a camp in the Syrian port of Latakia amid shelling by government forces, according to the United Nations Relief and Works Agency (UNRWA). The agency says more than half of the Ramel camp's 10,000 residents are on the move, and at least four have died, among some 30 reportedly killed in repression against a popular uprising Latakia over the past three days. "We have no idea where these people are, we have no idea how many of them are wounded, are dying, are elderly, are women, are children," said UNRWA spokesman Christopher Gunness. The government's offensive has included tank assaults and the shelling of the port from gunboats. The Palestinian authorities called on the Syrian government to safeguard the lives of refugees in its territory. Palestine Liberation Organization secretary general Yasser Abed Rabbo said the attack on the Ramel camp is "part of the crimes against humanity" targeting Palestinians and Syrians alike.

Lebanese singer Zeid Hamdan of the band Zeid and the Wings was briefly jailed July 27 on charges of defaming President Michel Suleiman, who is a former commander of the armed forces, in his single "General Suleiman." From his cell, he managed to get out the following Facebook message: "Dear friends, I am now in the prison of the police station of the Palace of Justice in Beirut because of my song 'General Soleiman'. They are prosecuting me for defammation of President Soleiman. I dont know, until when I am staying in prison. Please mobilize!" There was an immediate outcry, and Hamdan was released after a few hours—and the charge seemingly dropped. The song's lyrics go, to a catchy reggae beat: "General Suleiman, Peace be upon you, General Suleimen. Put your weapons down, put your weapons down, now it's time to leave your warlords behind." The song ends: "General Suleiman, go home." (The National, UAE, Aug. 8; LA Times; Babylon & Beyond blog, July 28)

Tens of thousands returned to the streets in towns and cities across Syria for the first Friday protests of the Ramadan holy month Aug. 5, especially declaring their support for the residents of Hama, where an estimated 200 have been killed in a military crackdown over the past week. Rights advocates said 14 were killed in Erbin, Homs and Mouadhamiya. State-run Syrian TV broadcast footage from inside Hama for the first time, showing scenes of burned-out buildings, barricaded streets and damaged cars. In YouTube footage purporting to come from protesters in Hama, heavy gunfire can be heard and improvised roadblocks seen in the street, with a tank in the background. A voice says in Arabic: "Hama, 5 August 2011, severe artillery shooting in Hama... tanks incursion of Hama... gangs of Bashar al-Assad are shooting Hama neighborhoods." The date and name of the city are repeated. (The Guardian, Reuters, Aug. 5)

US drones struck for the first time in 19 days in Pakistan's tribal agencies on Aug. 1, killing four "militants" in an attack on a compound in the Azam Warzak area of South Waziristan. The area, along the Afghan border, is said to be under the control of local Taliban warlord Mullah Nazir. (Long War Journal, Aug. 1) The same day, a US drone strike killed 15 presumed fighters of al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP) fighters yesterday in al-Khamila, a village outside the militant-controlled town of Zinjibar in southern Yemen. (Long War Journal, Aug. 2)

As promised, Egypt's self-declared "Salafists" marched en masse on Tahrir Square, where secular opposition groups were holding a thousands-strong rally on Friday July 29. No violence was reported, but the Salafists were clearly vying with the secularists for control of the square—and the message. While the secularists chanted "The people want to topple the regime," the Salafists responded, "The people want to implement Sharia." As the secularists chanted "Peaceful, peaceful," the Salafists responded, "Islamic, Islamic." The Salafists also chanted "There is no God but Allah" and "Islamiya, Islamiya"; they also waved banners reading "Islamic Egypt," and Saudi flags. Plans for a new constitution is the new point of conflict. "Islamic law above the Constitution" was another popular Salafists chant. While the Muslim Brotherhood has continued to stay away from the Tahrir Square protests, the more radical Salafists have apparently opted for a strategy of confrontation with the protesters. Over the course of the evening, more and more of the secularists were intimidated into leaving the square, which was increasingly given over to the Salafists. (Radio Australia's AM, July 30; Egyptian Gazette, July 29)