Venezuelan Justice Minister Tarek El-Aissami said Oct. 16 that six, including three army intelligence officials and a police officer, have been detained in the killing of an opposition student leader. El-Aissami said that the presumed murder weapon was also recovered and that the authorities were investigating two additional suspects. The student leader, Julio Soto of the University of Zulia, died Oct. 1 when his vehicle was sprayed with gunfire. He had helped organize protests with the COPEI opposition party against constitutional amendments proposed by President Hugo Chávez last year. (AP, Oct. 16; AP, Oct. 6)

Thousands of relatives of inmates staged sit-ins Oct. 14 at prisons across Venezuela to protest poor conditions and rights abuses. Hundreds of inmates die each year in prison violence—including 500 last year. This has fueled complaints that President Hugo Chávez has done too little to address the situation and improve the judicial system—which often allows people to languish in prison for years without a trial. The protest, which began last week with a hunger strike at Yare prison outside Caracas, has spread across the country, according to Venezuelan Prison Observatory, a nonprofit group that monitors prisons. The Interior Ministry said 6,500 participated in sit-ins at eight prisons. (Reuters, NYT, Javno, Croatia, Oct. 14)

On Oct. 15, Bolivian President Evo Morales voiced defiance in the face of Washington threats to remove Bolivia's trade preferences as a punitive measure for failing to meet US narcotics enforcement standards. "We can't kneel down for $63 million," said Morales during the opening in La Paz of a textile factory that will be run by workers. The US Congress voted last week that Peru and Colombia—South America's top coca producers—will benefit for another year from the trade preferences. Bolivia and Ecuador were provisionally approved for only six months, which can be extended for another six with Congressional approval.

Bolivian President Evo Morales Oct. 13 led the opening rally at a cross-country march from the city of Caracollo, Oruro department, to La Paz in support of a referendum on the country's pending new constitution. "If from here we begin with 5,000 demonstrators, for sure we will arrive in La Paz with more than one million," Morales said, adding that the march would "persuade that small group of opposition to allow us to change the country." The president called on farmers along the route to provide food and accommodations for the marchers, who are expected to arrive in La Paz on Oct. 20 after traveling some 200 kilometers. Representatives of social organizations from all nine of Bolivia's departments are participating in the march. (Xinhua, Oct. 14; Prensa Latina, Oct. 13)

The International Court of Justice Oct. 15 gave Georgia approval to open a suit charging Russia with a campaign of ethnic cleansing in and around the separatist enclaves of Abkhazia and South Ossetia. The ruling was hailed by Georgia's attorneys as a defeat for Russia, which argued that the court lacks jurisdiction. The ICJ ordered both sides to refrain from discrimination and allow the free movement of civilians and humanitarian aid. (NYT, Oct. 16)

Thai and Cambodian troops exchanged rocket and rifle fire for about an hour Oct. 15 in a border skirmish over claims to the 900-year-old mountaintop temple known to Cambodians as Preah Vihear and to Thais as Khao Phra Viharn. At least two Cambodian soldiers were killed, Cambodia's Foreign Minister Hor Namhong said. Several hundred soldiers from both sides have faced each other at the border since July, when UNESCO approved Cambodia's request to have the temple named a World Heritage site.

Renewed fighting between the Congolese army and forces loyal to a renegade general Laurent Nkunda has displaced more than 100,000 people in eastern Congo since August, according to UN officials, who describe the situation as "catastrophic." The fighting has mainly been in North Kivu province, where Nkunda and his the National Congress for the Defense of the People have established a virtual fiefdom, taking over villages and levying taxes. Nkunda says he is protecting the region's Tutsi minority from ethnic Hutu militias. In recent weeks, Nkunda he has vowed to "liberate" all of the Democratic Republic of Congo from the government of President Joseph Kabila. (WP, Oct. 16)

Saudi Arabia is mediating between Taliban and Afghan officials to prevent Pakistan from sliding into civil war and to wean the Taliban away from al-Qaeda, anonymous diplomats told Reuters. "They want to help because Pakistan is frightening. They fear what could happen in Pakistan. This (mediation) is to stabilize Pakistan," said one diplomat privy to details of the talks held recently in Mecca. The sources said Saudi external intelligence chief Prince Muqrin and his predecessor Prince Turki al-Faisal were involved in arranging the mediation, which is at an early stage. (Pakistan Daily Times, Oct. 16)