At least two people were killed and some 120 injured in the Ugandan capital Kampala April 29 as police fired bullets and tear gas at crowds protesting the arrest of opposition leader Dr. Kizza Besigye. who had led recent demonstrations over rising food and fuel prices. Besigye, who was attacked with pepper spray as police snatched him from his car the previous day, was roughly treated before being released hours later. He then flew to Kenya for treatment—after an airport standoff with government agents trying to block his departure. President Yoweri Museveni has ordered the Uganda Communication Commission to shut down all social networking sites, fearing they will be used as a tool for organizing protests. (Irish Times, Reuters, April 30; Computerworld Kenya, April 28)

The Obama administration announced April 27 that CIA director Leon Panetta is to become defense secretary, replacing the retiring Robert Gates (himself a former CIA director), while the new CIA director will be Gen. David Petraeus, currently US commander in Afghanistan and formerly the architect of the Iraq "surge" as chief of Central Command. Analyzes the New York Times:

Laurie Penny writes for the New Statesman, April 29:

This is England in 2011: as the country gears up for the Wedding of Mass Distraction, police up and down the country have been bursting into squatted social centres and private homes, arresting anyone whom they suspect of having connections with the anti-cuts movement, on the pretext of preventing disorder at the happy event—sometimes seizing known protestors on the street or from their cars.

Moammar Qaddafi's forces resumed shelling of the rebel-held Libyan port of Misrata April 29, as NATO said its warships intercepted pro-Qaddafi forces trying to lay mines in the city's harbor. The harbor has been a lifeline for ships ferrying the injured to hospitals in the rebel stronghold, Benghazi, and for aid entering the city. The US also charged that Qaddafi's regime is giving viagra to troops to carry out rapes. NATO warplanes meanwhile bombed unnamed sites in the southern Ain Zara district of Tripoli, a frequent target of air-strikes in the campaign. One targeted compound apparently included the state television building, which was not damaged. Italy's military took part in its first air-strikes on Libya, with a pair of Tornado jets taking off from Sicily to strike what a defense ministry official called "selected targets." (The Guardian, April 30; Middle East Online, BBC News, April 29)

Israeli tank fire wounded several people near the central Gaza Strip's al-Bureij refugee camp April 28. "Israeli tanks fired shells at terrorists and hit them as they were about to place explosive devices near the security barrier" between the Strip and Israeli territory, an Israeli military spokesman said. (Middle East Online, April 29) The violence comes as Hamas chief Khaled Masha'al prepares to meet Palestinian president and Fatah leader Mahmoud Abbas in Cairo next week to sign a unity deal. It will be the first time the two men have met since Hamas seized control of the Gaza Strip in June 2007, ousting Fatah from the coastal territory after a week of street battles. (Maan News Agency, April 29)

Authorities in Morocco say al-Qaeda is suspected in the April 28 remote-controlled bomb blast that killed 16, including 12 tourists, at a cafe on the Djemaa el-Fna, the central square of Marrakesh. A video posted on the Internet three days before the attack, attributed to al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM), included a threat to Morocco, authorities said. (MEO, April 29) The attack came four days after thousands of Moroccans marched nationwide to demand sweeping reforms before a new constitution is unveiled in June by King Mohammed VI. The march was organized by the Facebook youth movement Fevrier 20. The group said its members would not accept the present draft constitution drawn up by the monarchy. (CNN, April 24)

Activists said some 50 were shot dead by Syrian security forces as tens of thousands took part in "day of rage" protests in Daraa and other cities April 29. Witnesses and rights groups reported that army units clashed with each other in Daraa following President Bashar Assad's orders to crack down on protesters. (AlJazeera, AP, April 29)

The president of the Bolivian Sentate's Commission on Land, Territory, Natural Resources and Environment, Julio Salazar, announced April 20 the introduction of a Law of Mother Earth, which would officially enshrine the "rights of nature" in the Andean nation's legal code. Saying the bill would also be introduced in the Chamber of Deputies, lower house of Bolivia's Plurinational Legislative Assembly, Salazar stated: "We are going to seek an equilibrium between man and nature, because under previous law natural resources were anticipated to be commercialized, and now with the new laws we are converting what nature offers into a common good for the benefit of all living beings." (ABI, Bolivia, April 20)