Activists for women's rights in Saudi Arabia decried the regime's decision March 28 to keep a voting ban in place at a time when Arab governments are taking steps to avert pro-democracy uprisings. The announcement came from the head of the electoral committee charged with preparing for next month's municipal polls. "We are not ready for the participation of women in these municipal elections," said Abdulrahman al-Dahmash, while renewing pledges that authorities will allow women to take part "in the next ballot." The Saudi monarchy announced last week that it is to hold municipal elections for only the second time, kicking off on April 23 from region to region. The March 28 announcement is "an outrageous mistake that the kingdom is committing. It's just repeating the same mistake of 2005," said Hatoon al-Fassi, a history lecturer at King Saud University in Riyadh.

Clashes were reported at Mukalla in southeast Yemen between the regular army and elite Republican Guard loyal to embattled President Ali Abdullah Saleh March 24, leaving three wounded. It was the second such clash reported this week, pitting Republican Guards against soldiers under the orders of a regional commander who has rallied to the side of anti-Saleh protesters, Gen. Mohammed Ali Mohsen. Two soldiers were killed as the rivals clashed near a presidential palace in Mukalla on March 21. (Middle East Online, March 24) At least 15 people were killed as security forces opened fire on a thousands-strong protest march in Daraa, Syria, on March 25. Hundreds also gathered in the capital, Damascus, after Friday prayers. (CNN, NYT, March 25)

Yemen's Parliament enacted several emergency measures March 23 at the request of President Ali Abdullah Saleh in an effort to end anti-government protests. The new laws give the government greater power to arrest and detain protesters and to censor the media. The new laws follow Saleh's declaration last week of a 30-day state of emergency. The measure passed easily as many minority party members of the 301-seat parliament did not attend the session. Saleh warned that Yemen could face a civil war after opposition leaders rejected his offer to step down by the end of this year. The emergency laws expire in 30 days. despite an appeal from youths at the forefront of anti-regime protests that it could lead to a new "massacre." (Jurist, March 23)

Syrian security forces killed 15 people March 23 in the city of Deraa, witnesses and rights activists said. Seven were killed when security personnel fired on a group of protesters that gathered after dawn prayers outside al-Omari mosque. Later, about 3,000 protesters from neighboring towns gathered outside Deraa and clashed with an army unit. Syrian state television reported the government fired the governor of Deraa province, and promised reforms. The protest wave in Deraa was apparently sparked after local schoolchildren painted a mural depicting scenes and slogans from the recent revolutions in other Arab countries, and were detained by police. (CNN, FT, March 23)

Bahrain's King Hamad bin Isa al-Khalif announced March 21 that "a foreign plot" against the small Gulf state has been foiled. "There is a foreign plot that has been in the making for at least 20 to 30 years so that the ground is ready for its execution," said the king, in a clear allusion to Iran. But the crackdown on protesters in Bahrain has left many angry with the United States. At the Sadiq Mosque in Manama, Sheikh Issa Qassim said of the US: "They have influence they're not using to save the people here." One of the worshippers, Isa Ashoor, agreed: "Everybody is thinking America gave them the green light to beat the Bahraini people." (AGI, NPR, March 21)

Tanks were deployed in the Yemeni capital on March 21 as top generals pledged allegiance to the "revolution." Tanks took up positions in key locations across Sanaa including at the presidential palace, the central bank and the ministry of defense, but it is unclear what their orders are or who is in command. Ge. Ali Mohsen al-Ahmar, commander of the Northwest Military District, announced: "The crisis is getting more complicated and it's pushing the country towards violence and civil war. According to what I'm feeling, and according to the feelings of my partner commanders and soldiers... I announce our support and our peaceful backing to the youth revolution."

As the West intervenes in Libya, protest and repression continue to escalate throughout the Arab world. On March 20, lawmakers in Bahrain called on King Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa to declare a state of emergency and invoke martial law after 5,000 protesters marched to demand an end to the monarchy. In Yemen, President Ali Abdullah Saleh declared a state of emergency throughout the country March 18—one day after a massacre of protesters in the capital, Sanaa. The state of emergency will last 30 days and gives security forces greater powers to maintain order. Saleh stated that a "committee of neutral bodies" will investigate the massacre and called those killed during the protest "martyrs of democracy." (Jurist, March 19)

Reports from Syria say at least five were killed in clashes between protesters and security forces in the city of Deraa on March 18. Video footage posted on various websites shows large crowds said to be in Deraa chanting "God, Syria, Freedom" and other anti-corruption slogans. Reports from the city say authorities responded with waters cannon and live fire. The official SANA news agency said "infiltrators" had mingled with crowds of Friday worshipers, "to create chaos and unrest," setting cars and shops on fire—thereby obliging security forces to intervene "to protect citizens and their properties." Large protests are also reported from the cities of Homs and Baniyas, and security forces reportedly broke up a demonstration after Friday prayers in the main mosque in Damascus. (Haaretz, BBC News, SANA, March 18)