Some 40,000 teachers, union members and opposition activists took to Mexico City's streets Dec. 2 in a demonstration to mark the first anniversary of the inauguration of President Enrique Peña Nieto [9] (PRI [10]). The protesters joined a rally led by Peña Nieto's ex-challenger Andrés Manuel López Obrador [11], formerly of the left-opposition Party of the Democratic Revolution (PRD [12]) and now heading a National Regneration Movement (Morena [13]) to oppose the administration's economic policies. The teachers' union CNTE and electrical workers' SME were heavily represented as López Obrador led the march from the iconic Angel of Independence statue to the Zócalo, Mexico City's central plaza. A key issue at the rally was Peña Nieto's planned reform of the state oil monopoly Pemex [14], which protesters assailed as a privatization of the company. "We are here to avoid a big robbery," López Obrador told the crowd below a massive banner declaring "NO to the sale of Pemex!" Another banner addrressed to Peña Nieto read: "Sell your body. It's yours. The oil is mine."
After taking power, Peña Nieto signed a "Pact for Mexico [15]" with the main opposition parties, pledging a series of structural reforms. Days before the protest march, the PRD announced that it will pull out of the pact unless the government changes its planned reforms of the energy sector—which includes opening Pemex to foreign partners for high-cost, super-deep oil exploration in the Gulf of Mexico. Pemex generates more than a third of the funds the Mexican government's budget, but its output has slid from 3.4 million barrels per day in 2004 to 2.5 million in 2012.
López Obrador told the masses at the Zócalo that he would lead his adherents in a sit-in that will encircle the Senate building as soon as debate opens on the energy reform. He said the occupation will be maintained for as long as necessary to halt the reform package.
López Obrador also emphasized that his movement is non-violent, and will reject the participation of "trouble-makers, infiltrators and provocateurs." He especially made reference to face-masks, which have become a symbol of radical anarchist break-away factions that have caused some vandalism at recent protests in the capital. (AFP [16], Dec. 2; Excelsior [17], Excelsior [18], Dec. 1; Reuters [19], Nov. 29)
Zapatistas respond to anarchist scare
Some two weeks earlier, Subcommandante Marcos of the Zapatista [20] rebels in southern Chiapas state responded in his latest communiqué to the recent anarchist scare launched by the Mexican media. He especially protested the pressure from some figures in Mexico's mainstream left to bar anarchists from the Little School of Freedom, or Escuelita de Libertad [21], an activist gathering that the Zapatistas hosted in their territory in August.
Wrote Marcos: "Given the anti-anarchist campaign launched by...the well-behaved left united in a holy crusade with the old right to accuse the anarchists, young and old, of challenging the system (as if anarchism had another option)...and the repetition ad nauseum of epithets such as 'anarcho-hardliners,' 'anarcho-provocateur,' 'anarcho-thugs,' 'anarcho-etcetera' (somewhere I read the epithet 'anarcho-anarchist,' isn’t that sublime?), the Zapatista men and women cannot ignore the climate of hysteria that so firmly demands respect for windowpanes (which don't reveal but rather hide what happens just behind the counter: slave-like work conditions, a total lack of hygiene, poor quality, low nutritional value, money laundering, tax evasion, and capital flight)." (Eagainst.com [22], Nov. 15)
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