Indigenous leaders in Peru's northern Amazonian region of Loreto on Aug. 10 protested that a leak from Pluspetrol [7]'s oil operations at the exploitation bloc known as Lot 8X is causing contamination within the Pacaya Samiria National Reserve [8], with which the bloc overlaps. Alfonso López Tejada, president of the Cocoma Association for the Development and Conservation of San Pablo de Tipishca (ACODECOSPAT [9]) said that the reserve is "every day more unprotected against oil spills." (RPP [10], Aug. 11; El Comercio [11], Lima, Aug. 10)
Peru's Vice-Ministry of Inter-Culturality (VMI [12]) has reportedly thrown its support behind proposals to establish five new reserves for indigenous peoples living in "voluntary isolation" in the Amazon rainforest, totaling almost four million hectares. The VMI apparently revealed its support for the reserves in a letter this month to Amazonian indigenous allaince AIDESEP [13]. But four of the five proposed reserves overlap with hydrocarbon concessions where various companies are at different stages of exploration or production. One of the reserves was first proposed a decade ago by indigenous organzation ORPIO [14] in an area of Loreto near the Ecuador border where oil interest Perenco [15] currently holds a concession on Lot 67. Much of the proposed area also overlaps with Lot 39, where a concession in held by Repsol [16].
Another of the proposed reserves, in the Yavari-Tapiche [17] basin on the border with Brazil, is overlapped by three concessions: Lot 95, held by Gran Tierra Energy [18], and Lots 135 and 137, both held by Pacific Rubiales Energy [19]. According to UK-based Survival International, Pacific Rubiales' explorations, which began last year and, according to AIDESEP, are opposed by the Matsés [20] people who inhabit the area. "Tell the world that the Matsés are firm in our position against the oil company. We do not want it on our land," said Matsés man Salomon Dunu in a video message [21] to Pacific Rubiales posted on the internet in June by Survival.
In a statement, Pacific Rubiales said there was "no presense" of the Matsés in their concession area, and pledged to take "all the necessary precautions to avoid any risk or danger for the indigenous people in 'voluntary isolation.' We will respect and abide any disposition of the Peruvian authorities regarding the area of the Yavari-Tapiche Indigenous Reserve."
But Survival's Rebecca Spooner responded to reporter David Hill of The Guardian that Pacific Rubiales has its "head in the sand," that "no contingency plan can assure contact doesn't occur," and that it is "widely known that any contact is likely to result in the rapid spread of deadly diseases." Said Spooner: "Their claim there's 'no presence' of the Matsés in Lot 135 is completely untrue. Not only do they use the area for hunting but it's also the source of the main rivers on which they rely for every basic need."
Five reserves for indigenous peoples in "voluntary isolation" have been established in Peru over the past 10 years. Although only one, the Kugapakori-Nahua-Nanti Reserve [7] in Cuzco region, is currently overlapped by a concession, they have all been repeatedly invaded by illegal loggers. Another, the Madre de Dios Reserve [22] in the southern region of that same name, faces natural gas exploitation on its borders. The remaining three—Isconahua [23], Murunahua [24] and Mashco-Piro [25]—are in the eastern region of Ucayali. (The Guardian [26], Aug. 12; Survival International [27], Aug. 8; IPS [28], March 26)
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